![dragon ball fusions a different viewpoint dragon ball fusions a different viewpoint](https://isseicreekphilosophy.files.wordpress.com/2021/04/dragon-ball-z.jpeg)
This was a major breakthrough at that time, when few expected any theoretical understanding of the stock market. We also successfully identified neck regions that emerged during the crash, based on their negative ORCs, and performed a case study on one such neck region.Īt the turn of the 20th century, Bachelier suggested in his PhD thesis that stock prices follow geometric Brownian motions and worked out some of the consequences. We applied these two approaches to a recent stock market crash in Taiwan and found that, beyond fusions and fissions, other non-fusion/fission processes such as cavitation, annihilation, rupture, healing, and puncture might also be important. This is something that TDA can elucidate more fully, following which the ORC can help us flesh out the geometry of financial networks. In this sense, MSTs and PMFGs are but first steps to revealing the topological backbones of financial networks. Second, we used the Ollivier-Ricci curvature (ORC) to acquire geometric information that cannot be provided by simple information filtering. First, we used topological data analysis (TDA) to extend the notions of nodes and links in networks to faces, tetrahedrons, or k-simplices in simplicial complexes. Here, we show how one can systematically improve upon this paradigm along two separate directions. In econophysics, the achievements of information filtering methods over the past 20 years, such as the minimal spanning tree (MST) by Mantegna and the planar maximally filtered graph (PMFG) by Tumminello et al., should be celebrated.